Cells, Free Full-Text

The enteric nervous system (ENS) constitutes the largest part of the peripheral nervous system. In recent years, ENS development and its neurogenetic capacity in homeostasis and allostasishave gained increasing attention. Developmentally, the neural precursors of the ENS are mainly derived from vagal and sacral neural crest cell portions. Furthermore, Schwann cell precursors, as well as endodermal pancreatic progenitors, participate in ENS formation. Neural precursors enherite three subpopulations: a bipotent neuron-glia, a neuronal-fated and a glial-fated subpopulation. Typically, enteric neural precursors migrate along the entire bowel to the anal end, chemoattracted by glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and endothelin 3 (EDN3) molecules. During migration, a fraction undergoes differentiation into neurons and glial cells. Differentiation is regulated by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), Hedgehog and Notch signalling. The fully formed adult ENS may react to injury and damage with neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Nevertheless, the origin of differentiating cells is currently under debate. Putative candidates are an embryonic-like enteric neural progenitor population, Schwann cell precursors and transdifferentiating glial cells. These cells can be isolated and propagated in culture as adult ENS progenitors and may be used for cell transplantation therapies for treating enteric aganglionosis in Chagas and Hirschsprung’s diseases.

Viruses, Free Full-Text

MitoQuicLy: A high-throughput method for quantifying cell-free DNA from human plasma, serum, and saliva - ScienceDirect

An illustration of the full-duplex cell-free massive MIMO system.

Sequencing of Circulating Cell-free DNA during Pregnancy

Cell-free DNA tissues of origin by methylation profiling reveals significant cell, tissue, and organ-specific injury related to COVID-19 severity - ScienceDirect

Streptomyces cell-free systems for natural product discovery and engineering - ScienceDirect

Scheme of cell free cloning using DMF. ( A ) The full length construct

Cell-free protein synthesis for producing 'difficult-to-express' proteins - ScienceDirect

Cells, Free Full-Text

Experimental design of upsidedown, upside-up, and cell-free control