Cureus, Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Role of the Diaphragm

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes multiple local and systemic pathophysiological consequences, which lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from this disorder. OSA presents with various nocturnal events of apnoeas or hypopneas and with sub-clinical airflow limitations during wakefulness. OSA involves a large percentage of the population, particularly men, but the estimate of OSA patients could be much broader than data from the literature. Most of the research carried out in the muscle field is to understand the causes of the presence of chronic nocturnal desaturation and focus on the genioglossus muscle and other muscles related to dilating the upper airways. Sparse research has been published regarding the diaphragm muscle, which is the main muscle structure to insufflate air into the airways. The article reviews the functional anatomy of the muscles used to open the upper respiratory tract and the non-physiological adaptation that follows in the presence of OSA, as well as the functional anatomy and pathological adaptive aspects of the diaphragm muscle. The intent of the text is to highlight the disparity of clinical interest between the dilator muscles and the diaphragm, trying to stimulate a broader approach to patient evaluation.

Cureus, Hemi-Diaphragm Plication and/or Tracheostomy Are Valuable Adjunctive Procedures After Repair of Congenital Heart Defects in Children: A Systematic Review

The maturation changes of sleep-related respiratory abnormalities in infants with laryngomalacia

Diagnostics, Free Full-Text

Bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction: A cause of persistent dyspnea in patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 - Christine Gill, Alpana Garg, Rami Fakih, Nabeel Y Hamzeh, 2022

Diagnostics, Free Full-Text

PDF] The Five Diaphragms in Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine: Myofascial Relationships, Part 1

PDF] Muscle fibre type and obstructive sleep apnea.

Cureus, Assessment of the Diaphragm Thickness Decrease in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: Could Computed Tomography Be of Aid Regarding Diaphragm Muscle Mass?

PDF] Muscle fibre type and obstructive sleep apnea.

Cureus, A Missing Voice: The Lingual Complex and Osteopathic Manual Medicine in the Context of Five Osteopathic Models

Overlaps between obstructive sleep apnoea and other respiratory diseases, including COPD, asthma and interstitial lung disease