Scarlet Fever: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

Scarlet fever (known as scarlatina in older literature references) is a syndrome characterized by exudative pharyngitis (see the image below), fever, and bright-red exanthem. It is caused by toxin-producing group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) found in secretions and discharge from the nose, ears, throat, and skin.

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